儿童网上隐私保护法 _生活百科

儿童网上隐私保护法【儿童网上隐私保护法】美国儿童线上隐私权保护法于2000年4月21日生效，主要针对线上收集13岁以下儿童个人信息的行为。它规定网站管理者要遵守隐私规则，必须说明何时和如何以一种可以验证的方式向儿童家长索求同意，并且网站管理者必须保护儿童线上隐私和安全。
基本介绍中文名：儿童网上隐私保护法
类型：法律法规
出现：美国
生效：2000年4月21日
保护法介绍相对于一般的信息隐私保护，美国社会认为儿童网上隐私的保护应列为最优先的地位。事实上，相当一部分网站会对涉世不深、对网上隐私保护缺乏认识和警惕的儿童进行个人信息的收集，如通过卡通人物发问或以赢得奖品等机会来诱导未成年人填写个人信息，包括姓名、生日、住址、消费习惯、产品偏好，甚至父母的年薪等，再将这些个人信息分析整理作为商业牟利的手段。这引发了美国媒体教育中心及美国消费者联盟等社会团体的高度关注，认为这种状况对儿童网上隐私造成了严重侵害。因此，美国国会在1998年通过了《儿童网上隐私保护法》，该法案要求网路从业者要确实告知(actual notice)其网站的隐私权政策，并且在收集13岁以下儿童个人信息前，必须首先获得其家长的同意。《儿童网上隐私保护法》己于2000年4月21日开始施行，根据这项法律，美国线上等着名网路服务提供商己将所有未满13岁的登录者的个人信息全部删除。以后，13岁以下的用户将使用一种处于美国线上家长监控系统监测之下的个人信息登记表，而且未成年用户在网上的活动也会受到一定的限制。美国政府和隐私权保护组织的努力并没有到此为止，他们密切关注《儿童网上隐私保护法》的实施情况。美国法及实施1998年，国会通过了《儿童线上隐私保护法》（COPPA），保护儿童个人信息免受商业网站侵犯。1999年10月20日，联邦贸易委员会（FTC）发布了实施该法的细则，该细则于2000年4月21日生效，适用于线上收集个人信息的活动。《儿童线上隐私保护法》的要点是：要求那些面向12岁以下儿童、或向儿童收集信息的网站和线上服务者，向父母发出有关信息收集的通知，并在向儿童收集个人信息之前得到父母的同意；要求网站保证父母有可能修改和更正这些信息。除了保护儿童隐私外，该法还保证儿童在言论、信息搜寻和发表的权利不受到负面影响。实施细则阐明了法律调整的範围和责任问题，《儿童线上隐私保护法》管理个人信息的收集，但并不包括儿童相互之间收集信息。联邦贸易委员会保留了儿童线上交流的权利，如：允许面向儿童的网站即使没有父母的同意，也可以提供“聊天”和其它服务，只要在交流公开化之前，隐藏所有的个人信息。这些规定保护了网站继续为儿童提供交流的机会，同时也保护他们的安全和隐私。尤其需要指出的是，细则修改了若干妨碍儿童参与、发表言论和要求线上信息服务权利的定义。该细则代表了联邦贸易委员会对媒体的理解，表明委员会能为複杂的媒体提供同样複杂的法律规範。民主和科学中心（The Center for Democracy and Technology，CDT）监督细则的实施，保证达到《儿童线上隐私保护法》的目的。以下，对该细则的要点作简要介绍。一、关于儿童言论和《儿童线上隐私保护法》的要求《儿童线上隐私保护法》的规定适用于面向12岁以下儿童的网站和线上服务者，及那些明知对方是儿童的一般网站。为了保证儿童能进行网上交流，法律对“父母同意”的要求有3个例外：1、即使没有父母同意，允许儿童通过电子邮件提问；2、当儿童从网上获得时事信息时，可以没有父母同意，只要父母被通知并有权取消这些信息；3、当儿童从事联邦贸易委员会认为必要的活动时。细则的“基础和目的陈述”部分指出：“提供电子邮件帐号，保留被注册的电子地址记录和相关信息的运营者，都被本法认为是收集电子地址的行为，”这些行为都需要得到父母的同意。因此，细则规定儿童网站在向儿童提供电子邮件帐号之前，必须得到父母的同意。为此，网站必须使用较麻烦的方法，如：传真、信件、800免费电话、信用卡认证、数字识别、或设密码的电子信箱等识别方法。一般客群网站发布电子邮件地址时不必遵守该法，即使儿童可以用这个帐号向别人提供个人信息。但假如一般客群网站明知使用这一帐号的是儿童时，应遵守该细则。细则规定，儿童网站提供聊天服务有两个选择权：（1）它们可以保证在发布信息前，把个人信息从儿童的交谈中剥离掉，并从网站的记录中删除；或（2）它们也可以通过传真、信件、800免费电话、信用卡认证、数字识别、或设密码的电子信箱等识别方法得到父母的许可。这样，儿童网站提供的聊天服务是被监控的，儿童可以不经父母的同意参与。一般客群网站只有在明知使用这一服务的是儿童，又没有採取第（1）项的步骤时才负责。细则对聊天的规定也适用于在网上发表社论和建立网页等领域。细则规定儿童能发电子邮件要求获得信息，儿童网站只要删除儿童的电子邮件地址，并不再为其它目的使用它，即使没有父母同意，也可以回答这些问题。一般客群网站只有在明知对方是儿童时才受这一限制。儿童网站可以应儿童的要求发给他们多份电子邮件或其它信息，只要通知其父母，并使父母能随时阻止这种行为。二、关于调整範围《儿童线上隐私保护法》对儿童网站和明知对方是儿童的一般网站作出要求。然而民主和科学中心认为法律的适用者太广泛，应有一些限制，假如任何人都适用，那将造成法律适用範围的不确定。这将产生副面影响——幼童的信息将被违法收集，或者本法不包括的青少年的信息和隐私可能被无意地侵犯。细则规定联邦贸易委员会在认定“儿童网站”方面有灵活性，网站的所有特性都可以被考虑在内。细则阐明法律不涵盖纯粹的通道提供商。联邦贸易委员会清楚地划分了“通道提供商”和“运营商”的区别，表明：“网站或线上服务仅仅作为通道提供商，收集的个人信息流向其他人、其他网站或线上服务，网站或线上服务本身并没有接触到这些信息，则不是细则规定的运营商。”三、关于法律规定的权利和义务细则採用灵活的标準实施“识别父母同意”，并建立了一个早期评估机制来评估它。网站内部使用的信息可以在徵得父母同意后用电子邮件传递；网站向其他人发布信息，或允许在信息发布前不删除个人信息的交流时，网站必须通过邮递、传真、信用卡认证、电话、或数位讯号得到父母的同意。联邦贸易委员会认为在这些情况下增加了儿童安全的风险，所以要求提高父母同意的保证。细则修改了向父母提供被收集的儿童信息的机制。细则规定父母不需提供任何证明就可以得到收集信息的一般目录。总之，《儿童线上隐私保护法》的通过是一个里程碑。细则的制定首先是联邦机构为特定的网际网路环境实施规划的努力。在许多方面，《儿童线上隐私保护法》是政府能否成功介入线上环境的试验基础。《儿童线上隐私保护法》的成功实施将影响未来的隐私保护、自由言论和网际网路上的商业活动。联邦贸易委员会、民主和科学中心及国会将共同努力保证在数字时代保护隐私。出师不利美国首部以保护未成年网民个人隐私的法律2000年4月21日刚生效便遇到了麻烦。这部名为“儿童线上隐私保护法”的法律规定商业网站收集年龄在13岁以下少年的个人信息以及这些未成年少年进入网上聊天室或主动提供自己的个人情况必须首先得到其父母的同意。制定这项法律的美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)建议网站要求儿童网民提供其父母的信用卡号，来证明他们上网是徵得了父母同意的。迪斯尼公司採纳了FTC的建议，宣布儿童上网登录其所有网站都必须提供父母的信用卡号。迪斯尼从去年初开始是通过电子邮件方式来进行父母认可确认的，但是其发言人最近表示，提供父母信用卡号的方式确认程度最为準确，因而公司决定採用这种方式，并强调在确认过程中不会从信用卡上划走一分钱。但是这个计画一出台，就受到了万事达国际信用卡公司的强烈反对。万事达公司明确表示不希望其信用卡在没有金融交易的情况下被用作确认用途，理由是这样做容易引发更多的信用卡欺诈案。该公司发言人说：“信用卡从来就不是用来进行年龄确认用途的，再说如果进行的是零单位交易，电脑系统将会不予以接受。”FTC官员称除了信用卡以外，还建议网站开通免费电话和电子邮件系统供父母们对孩子的上网进行确认。不过这名官员承认所有这些方法都不是最理想的，政府将积极寻求其他更为稳妥安全的技术手段(其中包括电子签名) 。这件事情还没有个结果，一个非营利组织也对隐私法提出了批评，指责这项法律给商业网站的经营活动增加了沉重的负担。该组织在声明中指出：法律不仅在间接地鼓励孩子隐瞒自己的年龄，而且会造成网站经营成本大幅上升。据一名业内专家预计，一个网站要完全做到符合这项法律的规定，仅支付额外僱请的管理登记系统的员工工资一项，每年就必须增加6万到10万美元的经营成本预算。4部相关法律美国为防範暴力、色情等网路不良文化危害青少年，从1996年至今，先后通过了4部相关法律：《通信内容端正法》、《儿童线上保护法》、《儿童网路隐私规则》和《儿童网际网路保护法》(儿童特指18岁以下的未成年学生) 。这些法律最根本的出发点就是区别对待儿童和成人，保护儿童不在网上遇到只有成人才能接触的内容。另外，美国还採取软体分级制度，由国家娱乐软体定级委员会对网路游戏软体进行定级，划分出适合不同年龄阶段的游戏级别。美国强制执行美国政府部门已组成专家班子强制执行1998年颁布的一项联邦法令《网上儿童隐私保护法》，该法令的内容是没有得到父母其中一人的许可，禁止任何网站收集儿童的私人信息，包括姓名、住址。美国联邦贸易委员会的律师洛伦·G·汤普森说，这项法令是美国政府部门应该优先考虑的事项。管理者们正在密切关注这项法令的执行情况。汤普森说，美国政府部门已组成十几个人的专家班子，在政府最先进的计算机实验室里採取“扫蕩”行动，对那些不受约束的网站进行仔细研究，这些网站要获得或与其他公司分享儿童的信息，必须得到儿童父母的许可。这些公司获準採取的方式有：通过信函、文传、免费电话、信用卡、或电子邮件。汤普森强调，美国政府部门有能力每天检查几百个网站。该部门正在寻找令人放心并且已经获得了父母许可的网站。每一名儿童的电子邮件或传送的可以确认的信息，例如姓名或地址，如果没有得到父母其中一人的同意，一个网站的经营者就将被罚款1．1万美元。英文法案全文Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998TITLE XIII-CHILDREN'S ONLINE PRIVACY PROTECTIONSEC. 1301. SHORT TITLE.This title may be cited as the "Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998".SEC. 1302. DEFINITIONS.In this title:(1) CHILD.—The term "child" means an individual under the age of 13.(2) OPERATOR.—The term "operator"—(A) means any person who operates a website located on the Internet or an online service and who collects or maintains personal information from or about the users of or visitors to such website or online service, or on whose behalf such information is collected or maintained, where such website or online service is operated for commercial purposes, including any person offering products or services for sale through that website or online service, involving commerce—(i) among the several States or with 1 or more foreign nations;(ii) in any territory of the United States or in the District of Columbia, or between any such territory and—(I) another such territory; or (II) any State or foreign nation; or(iii) between the District of Columbia and any State, territory, or foreign nation; but(B) does not include any nonprofit entity that would otherwise be exempt from coverage under section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45).(3) COMMISSION.—The term "Commission" means the Federal Trade Commission.(4) DISCLOSURE.—The term "disclosure" means, with respect to personal information—(A) the release of personal information collected from a child in identifiable form by an operator for any purpose, except where such information is provided to a person other than the operator who provides support for the internal operations of the website and does not disclose or use that information for any other purpose; and(B) making personal information collected from a child by a website or online service directed to children or with actual knowledge that such information was collected from a child, publicly available in identifiable form, by any means including by a public posting, through the Internet, or through—(i) a home page of a website;(ii) a pen pal service;(iii) an electronic mail service;(iv) a message board; or(v) a chat room.(5) FEDERAL AGENCY.—The term "Federal agency" means an agency, as that term is defined in section 551(1) of title 5, United States Code. (6) INTERNET.—The term "Internet" means collectively the myriad of computer and telecommunications facilities, including equipment and operating software, which comprise the interconnected world-wide network of networks that employ the Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol, or any predecessor or successor protocols to such protocol, to communicate information of all kinds by wire or radio.(7) PARENT.—The term "parent" includes a legal guardian.(8) PERSONAL INFORMATION.—The term "personal information" means individually identifiable information about an individual collected online, including—(A) a first and last name;(B) a home or other physical address including street name and name of a city or town;(C) an e-mail address;(D) a telephone number;(E) a Social Security number;(F) any other identifier that the Commission determines permits the physical or online contacting of a specific individual; or(G) information concerning the child or the parents of that child that the website collects online from the child and combines with an identifier described in this paragraph.(9) VERIFIABLE PARENTAL CONSENT.—The term "verifiable parental consent" means any reasonable effort (taking into consideration available technology), including a request for authorization for future collection, use, and disclosure described in the notice, to ensure that a parent of a child receives notice of the operator's personal information collection, use, and disclosure practices, and authorizes the collection, use, and disclosure, as applicable, of personal information and the subsequent use of that information before that information is collected from that child. (10) WEBSITE OR ONLINE SERVICE DIRECTED TO CHILDREN.—(A) IN GENERAL.—The term "website or online service directed to children" means—(i) a commercial website or online service that is targeted to children; or(ii) that portion of a commercial website or online service that is targeted to children.(B) LIMITATION.—A commercial website or online service, or a portion of a commercial website or online service, shall not be deemed directed to children solely for referring or linking to a commercial website or online service directed to children by using information location tools, including a directory, index, reference, pointer, or hypertext link.(11) PERSON.—The term "person" means any individual, partnership, corporation, trust, estate, cooperative, association, or other entity.(12) ONLINE CONTACT INFORMATION.—The term "online contact information" means an e-mail address or an-other substantially similar identifier that permits direct contact with a person online.SEC. 1303. REGULATION OF UNFAIR AND DECEPTIVE ACTS AND PRACTICES IN CONNECTION WITH THE COLLECTION AND USE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION FROM AND ABOUT CHILDREN ON THE INTERNET.(a) ACTS PROHIBITED.—(1) IN GENERAL.—It is unlawful for an operator of a website or online service directed to children, or any operator that has actual knowledge that it is collecting personal information from a child, to collect personal information from a child in a manner that violates the regulations prescribed under subsection (b). (2) DISCLOSURE TO PARENT PROTECTED.—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), neither an operator of such a website or online service nor the operator's agent shall be held to be liable under any Federal or State law for any disclosure made in good faith and following reasonable procedures in responding to a request for disclosure of per-sonal information under subsection (b)(1)(B)(iii) to the parent of a child.(b) REGULATIONS.—(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall promulgate under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, regulations that—(A) require the operator of any website or online service directed to children that collects personal information from children or the operator of a website or online service that has actual knowledge that it is collecting personal information from a child—(i) to provide notice on the website of what information is collected from children by the operator, how the operator uses such information, and the operator's disclosure practices for such information; and(ii) to obtain verifiable parental consent for the collection, use, or disclosure of personal information from children;(B) require the operator to provide, upon request of a parent under this subparagraph whose child has provided personal information to that website or online service, upon proper identification of that parent, to such par-ent— (i) a description of the specific types of personal information collected from the child by that operator;(ii) the opportunity at any time to refuse to permit the operator's further use or maintenance in retrievable form, or future online collection, of personal information from that child; and(iii) notwithstanding any other provision of law, a means that is reasonable under the circumstances for the parent to obtain any personal information collected from that child;(C) prohibit conditioning a child's participation in a game, the offering of a prize, or another activity on the child disclosing more personal information than is reasonably necessary to participate in such activity; and(D) require the operator of such a website or online service to establish and maintain reasonable procedures to protect the confidentiality, security, and integrity of personal information collected from children.(2) WHEN CONSENT NOT REQUIRED.—The regulations shall provide that verifiable parental consent under paragraph (1)(A)(ii) is not required in the case of—(A) online contact information collected from a child that is used only to respond directly on a one-time basis to a specific request from the child and is not used to recontact the child and is not maintained in retrievable form by the operator;(B) a request for the name or online contact information of a parent or child that is used for the sole purpose of obtaining parental consent or providing notice under this section and where such information is not maintained in retrievable form by the operator if parental consent is not obtained after a reasonable time; (C) online contact information collected from a child that is used only to respond more than once directly to a specific request from the child and is not used to recontact the child beyond the scope of that request—(i) if, before any additional response after the initial response to the child, the operator uses reasonable efforts to provide a parent notice of the online contact information collected from the child, the purposes for which it is to be used, and an opportunity for the parent to request that the operator make no further use of the information and that it not be maintained in retrievable form; or(ii) without notice to the parent in such circumstances as the Commission may determine are appropriate, taking into consideration the benefits to the child of access to information and services, and risks to the security and privacy of the child, in regulations promulgated under this subsection;(D) the name of the child and online contact information (to the extent reasonably necessary to protect the safety of a child participant on the site)—(i) used only for the purpose of protecting such safety;(ii) not used to recontact the child or for any other purpose; and(iii) not disclosed on the site, if the operator uses reasonable efforts to provide a parent notice of the name and online contact information collected from the child, the purposes for which it is to be used, and an opportunity for the parent to request that the operator make no further use of the information and that it not be maintained in retrievable form; or (E) the collection, use, or dissemination of such information by the operator of such a website or online service necessary—(i) to protect the security or integrity of its website;(ii) to take precautions against liability;(iii) to respond to judicial process; or(iv) to the extent permitted under other provisions of law, to provide information to law enforcement agencies or for an investigation on a matter related to public safety. 1815(3) TERMINATION OF SERVICE.—The regulations shall permit the operator of a website or an online service to terminate service provided to a child whose parent has refused, under the regulations prescribed under paragraph (1)(B)(ii), to permit the operator's further use or maintenance in retrievable form, or future online collection, of personal information from that child.(c) ENFORCEMENT.—Subject to sections 1304 and 1306, a violation of a regulation prescribed under subsection (a) shall be treated as a violation of a rule defining an unfair or deceptive act or practice prescribed under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)).(d) INCONSISTENT STATE LAW.—No State or local government may impose any liability for commercial activities or actions by operators in interstate or foreign commerce in connection with an activity or action described in this title that is inconsistent with the treatment of those activities or actions under this section. SEC. 1304. SAFE HARBORS.(a) GUIDELINES.—An operator may satisfy the requirements of regulations issued under section 1303(b) by following a set of self-regulatory guidelines, issued by representatives of the marketing or online industries, or by other persons, approved under subsection (b).(b) INCENTIVES.—(1) SELF-REGULATORY INCENTIVES.—In prescribing regulations under section 1303, the Commission shall provide incentives for self-regulation by operators to implement the protections afforded children under the regulatory requirements described in subsection (b) of that section.(2) DEEMED COMPLIANCE.—Such incentives shall include provisions for ensuring that a person will be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of the regulations under section 1303 if that person complies with guidelines that, after notice and comment, are approved by the Commission upon making a determination that the guidelines meet the requirements of the regulations issued under section 1303.(3) EXPEDITED RESPONSE TO REQUESTS.—The Commission shall act upon requests for safe harbor treatment within 180 days of the filing of the request, and shall set forth in writing its conclusions with regard to such requests.(c) APPEALS.—Final action by the Commission on a request for approval of guidelines, or the failure to act within 180 days on a request for approval of guidelines, submitted under subsection (b) may be appealed to a district court of the United States of appropriate jurisdiction as provided for in section 706 of title 5, United States Code. SEC. 1305. ACTIONS BY STATES.(a) IN GENERAL.—(1) CIVIL ACTIONS.—In any case in which the attorney general of a State has reason to believe that an interest of the residents of that State has been or is threatened or adversely affected by the engagement of any person in a practice that violates any regulation of the Commission prescribed under section 1303(b), the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on behalf of the residents of the State in a district court of the United States of appropriate jurisdiction to—(A) enjoin that practice;(B) enforce compliance with the regulation;(C) obtain damage, restitution, or other compensation on behalf of residents of the State; or(D) obtain such other relief as the court may consider to be appropriate.(2) NOTICE.—(A) IN GENERAL.—Before filing an action under paragraph (1), the attorney general of the State involved shall provide to the Commission—(i) written notice of that action; and(ii) a copy of the complaint for that action.(B) EXEMPTION.—(i) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to the filing of an action by an attorney general of a State under this subsection, if the attorney general determines that it is not feasible to provide the notice described in that subparagraph before the filing of the action.(ii) NOTIFICATION.—In an action described in clause (i), the attorney general of a State shall provide notice and a copy of the complaint to the Commission at the same time as the attorney general files the action. (b) INTERVENTION.—(1) IN GENERAL.—On receiving notice under subsection (a)(2), the Commission shall have the right to intervene in the action that is the subject of the notice.(2) EFFECT OF INTERVENTION.—If the Commission intervenes in an action under subsection (a), it shall have the right—(A) to be heard with respect to any matter that arises in that action; and(B) to file a petition for appeal.(3) AMICUS CURIAE.—Upon application to the court, a person whose self-regulatory guidelines have been approved by the Commission and are relied upon as a defense by any defendant to a proceeding under this section may file amicus curiae in that proceeding.(c) CONSTRUCTION.—For purposes of bringing any civil action under subsection (a), nothing in this title shall be construed to prevent an attorney general of a State from exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general by the laws of that State to—(1) conduct investigations;(2) administer oaths or affirmations; or(3) compel the attendance of witnesses or the production of documentary and other evidence.(d) ACTIONS BY THE COMMISSION.—In any case in which an action is instituted by or on behalf of the Commission for violation of any regulation prescribed under section 1303, no State may, during the pendency of that action, institute an action under subsection (a) against any defendant named in the complaint in that action for violation of that regulation. (e) VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS.—(1) VENUE.—Any action brought under subsection (a) may be brought in the district court of the United States that meets applicable requirements relating to venue under section 1391 of title 28, United States Code.(2) SERVICE OF PROCESS.—In an action brought under subsection (a), process may be served in any district in which the defendant—(A) is an inhabitant; or(B) may be found.SEC. 1306. ADMINISTRATION AND APPLICABILITY OF ACT.(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided, this title shall be enforced by the Commission under the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.).(b) PROVISIONS.—Compliance with the requirements imposed under this title shall be enforced under—(1) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1818), in the case of—(A) national banks, and Federal branches and Federal agencies of foreign banks, by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency;(B) member banks of the Federal Reserve System (other than national banks), branches and agencies of foreign banks (other than Federal branches, Federal agencies, and insured State branches of foreign banks), commercial lending companies owned or controlled by foreign banks, and organizations operating under section 25 or 25(a) of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 601 et seq. and 611 et seq.), by the Board; and (C) banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (other than members of the Federal Reserve System) and insured State branches of foreign banks, by the Board of Direc- tors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;(2) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1818), by the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision, in the case of a savings association the deposits of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;(3) the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) by the National Credit Union Administration Board with respect to any Federal credit union;(4) part A of subtitle VII of title 49, United States Code, by the Secretary of Transportation with respect to any air carrier or foreign air carrier subject to that part;(5) the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 181 et seq.) (except as provided in section 406 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 226, 227)), by the Secretary of Agriculture with respect to any activities subject to that Act; and(6) the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.) by the Farm Credit Administration with respect to any Federal land bank, Federal land bank association, Federal intermediate credit bank, or production credit association.(c) EXERCISE OF CERTAIN POWERS.—For the purpose of the exercise by any agency referred to in subsection (a) of its powers under any Act referred to in that subsection, a violation of any requirement imposed under this title shall be deemed to be a violation of a requirement imposed under that Act. In addition to its powers under any provision of law specifically referred to in subsection (a), each of the agencies referred to in that subsection may exercise, for the purpose of enforcing compliance with any requirement imposed under this title, any other authority conferred on it by law. (d) ACTIONS BY THE COMMISSION.—The Commission shall prevent any person from violating a rule of the Commission under section 1303 in the same manner, by the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into and made a part of this title. Any entity that violates such rule shall be subject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Commission Act in the same manner, by the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, power, and duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act were incorporated into and made a part of this title.(e) EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.—Nothing contained in the Act shall be construed to limit the authority of the Commission under any other provisions of law.SEC. 1307. REVIEW.Not later than 5 years after the effective date of the regulations initially issued under section 1303, the Commission shall—(1) review the implementation of this title, including the effect of the implementation of this title on practices relating to the collection and disclosure of information relating to children, children's ability to obtain access to information of their choice online, and on the availability of websites directed to children; and(2) prepare and submit to Congress a report on the results of the review under paragraph (1). SEC. 1308. EFFECTIVE DATE. Sections 1303(a), 1305, and 1306 of this title take effect on the later of—(1) the date that is 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act; or(2) the date on which the Commission rules on the first application filed for safe harbor treatment under section 1304 if the Commission does not rule on the first such application within one year after the date of enactment of this Act, but in no case later than the date that is 30 months after the date of enactment of this Act.