stdlib.h _生活百科

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stdlib.hstdlib 头档案即standard library标準库头档案。stdlib.h里面定义了五种类型、一些宏和通用工具函式。类型例如size_t、wchar_t、div_t、ldiv_t和lldiv_t；宏例如EXIT_FAILURE、EXIT_SUCCESS、RAND_MAX和MB_CUR_MAX等等；常用的函式如malloc()、calloc()、realloc()、free()、system()、atoi()、atol()、rand()、srand()、exit()等等。具体的内容可以打开编译器的include目录里面的stdlib.h头档案查看。
基本介绍中文名：标準库函式头档案
外文名：stdlib.h
领域：计算机学
输入样式：#include<stdlib.h>
包含函式：calloc
档案简介stdlib 头档案即standard library标準库函式头档案stdlib 头档案里包含了C、C++语言的最常用的系统函式该档案包含了C语言标準库函式的定义档案内容【stdlib.h】/* * stdlib.h * This file has no copyright assigned and is placed in the Public Domain. * This file is a part of the mingw-runtime package. * No warranty is given; refer to the file DISCLAIMER within the package. * * Definitions for common types, variables, and functions. * */#ifndef _STDLIB_H_#define _STDLIB_H_/* All the headers include this file. */#include <_mingw.h>#define __need_size_t#define __need_wchar_t#define __need_NULL#ifndef RC_INVOKED#include <stddef.h>#endif /* RC_INVOKED *//* * RAND_MAX is the maximum value that may be returned by rand. * The minimum is zero. */#define RAND_MAX 0x7FFF/* * These values may be used as exit status codes. */#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0#define EXIT_FAILURE 1/* * Definitions for path name functions. * NOTE: All of these values have simply been chosen to be conservatively high. * Remember that with long file names we can no longer depend on * extensions being short. */#ifndef __STRICT_ANSI__#ifndef MAX_PATH#define MAX_PATH (260)#endif#define _MAX_PATH MAX_PATH#define _MAX_DRIVE (3)#define _MAX_DIR 256#define _MAX_FNAME 256#define _MAX_EXT 256#endif /* Not __STRICT_ANSI__ */#ifndef RC_INVOKED#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C" {#endif#if !defined (__STRICT_ANSI__)/* * This seems like a convenient place to declare these variables, which * give programs using WinMain (or main for that matter) access to main-ish * argc and argv. environ is a pointer to a table of environment variables. * NOTE: Strings in _argv and environ are ANSI strings. */extern int _argc;extern char** _argv;/* imports from runtime dll of the above variables */#ifdef __MSVCRT__extern int* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW __p___argc(void);extern char*** __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW __p___argv(void);extern wchar_t*** __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW __p___wargv(void);#define __argc (*__p___argc())#define __argv (*__p___argv())#define __wargv (*__p___wargv())#else /* !MSVCRT */#ifndef __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTEDextern int* _imp____argc_dll;extern char*** _imp____argv_dll;#define __argc (*_imp____argc_dll)#define __argv (*_imp____argv_dll)#else /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */__MINGW_IMPORT int __argc_dll;__MINGW_IMPORT char** __argv_dll;#define __argc __argc_dll#define __argv __argv_dll#endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */#endif /* __MSVCRT */#endif /* __STRICT_ANSI__ *//* * Also defined in ctype.h. */#ifndef MB_CUR_MAX#ifdef __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED# ifdef __MSVCRT__# define MB_CUR_MAX __mb_cur_max __MINGW_IMPORT int __mb_cur_max;# else /* not __MSVCRT */# define MB_CUR_MAX __mb_cur_max_dll __MINGW_IMPORT int __mb_cur_max_dll;# endif /* not __MSVCRT */#else /* ! __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */# ifdef __MSVCRT__ extern int* _imp____mb_cur_max;# define MB_CUR_MAX (*_imp____mb_cur_max)# else /* not __MSVCRT */ extern int* _imp____mb_cur_max_dll;# define MB_CUR_MAX (*_imp____mb_cur_max_dll)# endif /* not __MSVCRT */#endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */#endif /* MB_CUR_MAX *//* * MS likes to declare errno in stdlib.h as well. */#ifdef _UWIN#undef errnoextern int errno;#else _CRTIMP int* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _errno(void);#define errno (*_errno())#endif _CRTIMP int* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW __doserrno(void);#define _doserrno (*__doserrno())#if !defined (__STRICT_ANSI__)/* * Use environ from the DLL, not as a global. */#ifdef __MSVCRT__ extern _CRTIMP char *** __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW __p__environ(void); extern _CRTIMP wchar_t *** __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW __p__wenviron(void);# define _environ (*__p__environ())# define _wenviron (*__p__wenviron())#else /* ! __MSVCRT__ */# ifndef __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED extern char *** _imp___environ_dll;# define _environ (*_imp___environ_dll)# else /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */ __MINGW_IMPORT char ** _environ_dll;# define _environ _environ_dll# endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */#endif /* ! __MSVCRT__ */#define environ _environ#ifdef __MSVCRT__/* One of the MSVCRTxx libraries */#ifndef __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED extern int* _imp___sys_nerr;# define sys_nerr (*_imp___sys_nerr)#else /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */ __MINGW_IMPORT int _sys_nerr;# ifndef _UWIN# define sys_nerr _sys_nerr# endif /* _UWIN */#endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */#else /* ! __MSVCRT__ *//* CRTDLL run time library */#ifndef __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED extern int* _imp___sys_nerr_dll;# define sys_nerr (*_imp___sys_nerr_dll)#else /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */ __MINGW_IMPORT int _sys_nerr_dll;# define sys_nerr _sys_nerr_dll#endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */#endif /* ! __MSVCRT__ */#ifndef __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTEDextern char*** _imp__sys_errlist;#define sys_errlist (*_imp___sys_errlist)#else /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */__MINGW_IMPORT char* _sys_errlist[];#ifndef _UWIN#define sys_errlist _sys_errlist#endif /* _UWIN */#endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED *//* * OS version and such constants. */#ifdef __MSVCRT__/* msvcrtxx.dll */extern _CRTIMP unsigned __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int* __p__osver(void);extern _CRTIMP unsigned __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int* __p__winver(void);extern _CRTIMP unsigned __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int* __p__winmajor(void);extern _CRTIMP unsigned __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW int* __p__winminor(void);#ifndef __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED# define _osver (*__p__osver())# define _winver (*__p__winver())# define _winmajor (*__p__winmajor())# define _winminor (*__p__winminor())#else__MINGW_IMPORT unsigned int _osver;__MINGW_IMPORT unsigned int _winver;__MINGW_IMPORT unsigned int _winmajor;__MINGW_IMPORT unsigned int _winminor;#endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */#else/* Not msvcrtxx.dll, thus crtdll.dll */#ifndef __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTEDextern unsigned int* _imp___osver_dll;extern unsigned int* _imp___winver_dll;extern unsigned int* _imp___winmajor_dll;extern unsigned int* _imp___winminor_dll;#define _osver (*_imp___osver_dll)#define _winver (*_imp___winver_dll)#define _winmajor (*_imp___winmajor_dll)#define _winminor (*_imp___winminor_dll)#else /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */__MINGW_IMPORT unsigned int _osver_dll;__MINGW_IMPORT unsigned int _winver_dll;__MINGW_IMPORT unsigned int _winmajor_dll;__MINGW_IMPORT unsigned int _winminor_dll;#define _osver _osver_dll#define _winver _winver_dll#define _winmajor _winmajor_dll#define _winminor _winminor_dll#endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */#endif#if defined __MSVCRT__/* although the _pgmptr is exported as DATA, * be safe and use the access function __p__pgmptr() to get it. */_CRTIMP char** __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW __p__pgmptr(void);#define _pgmptr (*__p__pgmptr())_CRTIMP wchar_t** __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW __p__wpgmptr(void);#define _wpgmptr (*__p__wpgmptr())#else /* ! __MSVCRT__ */# ifndef __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED extern char** __imp__pgmptr_dll;# define _pgmptr (*_imp___pgmptr_dll)# else /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */ __MINGW_IMPORT char* _pgmptr_dll;# define _pgmptr _pgmptr_dll# endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED *//* no wide version in CRTDLL */#endif /* __MSVCRT__ *//* * This variable determines the default file mode. * TODO: Which flags work? */#if !defined (__DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED) || defined (__IN_MINGW_RUNTIME)#ifdef __MSVCRT__extern int* _imp___fmode;#define _fmode (*_imp___fmode)#else/* CRTDLL */extern int* _imp___fmode_dll;#define _fmode (*_imp___fmode_dll)#endif#else /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */#ifdef __MSVCRT____MINGW_IMPORT int _fmode;#else /* ! __MSVCRT__ */__MINGW_IMPORT int _fmode_dll;#define _fmode _fmode_dll#endif /* ! __MSVCRT__ */#endif /* __DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED */#endif /* Not __STRICT_ANSI__ */_CRTIMP double __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW atof (const char*);_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW atoi (const char*);_CRTIMP long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW atol (const char*);#if !defined (__STRICT_ANSI__)_CRTIMP double __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wtof (const wchar_t *);_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wtoi (const wchar_t *);_CRTIMP long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wtol (const wchar_t *);#endif#if !defined __NO_ISOCEXT /* in libmingwex.a */double __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW __strtod (const char*, char**);extern double __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROWstrtod (const char* __restrict__ __nptr, char** __restrict__ __endptr);float __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW strtof (const char * __restrict__, char ** __restrict__);long double __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW strtold (const char * __restrict__, char ** __restrict__);#else_CRTIMP double __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW strtod (const char*, char**);#endif /* __NO_ISOCEXT */_CRTIMP long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW strtol (const char*, char**, int);_CRTIMP unsigned long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW strtoul (const char*, char**, int);#ifndef _WSTDLIB_DEFINED/* also declared in wchar.h */_CRTIMP long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW wcstol (const wchar_t*, wchar_t**, int);_CRTIMP unsigned long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW wcstoul (const wchar_t*, wchar_t**, int);_CRTIMP double __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW wcstod (const wchar_t*, wchar_t**);#if !defined __NO_ISOCEXT /* in libmingwex.a */float __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW wcstof( const wchar_t * __restrict__, wchar_t ** __restrict__);long double __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW wcstold (const wchar_t * __restrict__, wchar_t ** __restrict__);#endif /* __NO_ISOCEXT */#ifdef __MSVCRT__ _CRTIMP wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wgetenv(const wchar_t*);_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wputenv(const wchar_t*);_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wsearchenv(const wchar_t*, const wchar_t*, wchar_t*);_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wsystem(const wchar_t*);_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wmakepath(wchar_t*, const wchar_t*, const wchar_t*, const wchar_t*, const wchar_t*);_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wsplitpath (const wchar_t*, wchar_t*, wchar_t*, wchar_t*, wchar_t*);_CRTIMP wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wfullpath (wchar_t*, const wchar_t*, size_t);#endif#define _WSTDLIB_DEFINED#endif_CRTIMP size_t __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW wcstombs (char*, const wchar_t*, size_t);_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW wctomb (char*, wchar_t);_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW mblen (const char*, size_t);_CRTIMP size_t __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW mbstowcs (wchar_t*, const char*, size_t);_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW mbtowc (wchar_t*, const char*, size_t);_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW rand (void);_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW srand (unsigned int);_CRTIMP void* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW calloc (size_t, size_t) __MINGW_ATTRIB_MALLOC;_CRTIMP void* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW malloc (size_t) __MINGW_ATTRIB_MALLOC;_CRTIMP void* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW realloc (void*, size_t);_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW free (void*);_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW abort (void) __MINGW_ATTRIB_NORETURN;_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW exit (int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_NORETURN;/* Note: This is in startup code, not imported directly from dll */int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW atexit (void (*)(void));_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW system (const char*);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW getenv (const char*);/* bsearch and qsort are also in non-ANSI header search.h */_CRTIMP void* __cdecl bsearch (const void*, const void*, size_t, size_t, int (*)(const void*, const void*));_CRTIMP void __cdecl qsort(void*, size_t, size_t, int (*)(const void*, const void*));_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW abs (int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_CONST;_CRTIMP long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW labs (long) __MINGW_ATTRIB_CONST;/* * div_t and ldiv_t are structures used to return the results of div and * ldiv. * * NOTE: div and ldiv appear not to work correctly unless * -fno-pcc-struct-return is specified. This is included in the * mingw32 specs file. */typedef struct { int quot, rem; } div_t;typedef struct { long quot, rem; } ldiv_t;_CRTIMP div_t __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW div (int, int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_CONST;_CRTIMP ldiv_t __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW ldiv (long, long) __MINGW_ATTRIB_CONST;#if !defined (__STRICT_ANSI__)/* * NOTE: Officially the three following functions are obsolete. The Win32 API * functions SetErrorMode, Beep and Sleep are their replacements. */_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _beep (unsigned int, unsigned int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED;/* Not to be confused with _set_error_mode (int). */_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _seterrormode (int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED;_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _sleep (unsigned long) __MINGW_ATTRIB_DEPRECATED;_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _exit (int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_NORETURN;/* _onexit is MS extension. Use atexit for portability. *//* Note: This is in startup code, not imported directly from dll */typedef int (* _onexit_t)(void);_onexit_t __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _onexit( _onexit_t );_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _putenv (const char*);_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _searchenv (const char*, const char*, char*);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _ecvt (double, int, int*, int*);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _fcvt (double, int, int*, int*);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _gcvt (double, int, char*);_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _makepath (char*, const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _splitpath (const char*, char*, char*, char*, char*);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _fullpath (char*, const char*, size_t);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _itoa (int, char*, int);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _ltoa (long, char*, int);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _ultoa(unsigned long, char*, int);_CRTIMP wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _itow (int, wchar_t*, int);_CRTIMP wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _ltow (long, wchar_t*, int);_CRTIMP wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _ultow (unsigned long, wchar_t*, int);#ifdef __MSVCRT___CRTIMP __int64 __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _atoi64(const char *);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _i64toa(__int64, char *, int);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _ui64toa(unsigned __int64, char *, int);_CRTIMP __int64 __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _wtoi64(const wchar_t *);_CRTIMP wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _i64tow(__int64, wchar_t *, int);_CRTIMP wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _ui64tow(unsigned __int64, wchar_t *, int);_CRTIMP unsigned int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW (_rotl)(unsigned int, int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_CONST;_CRTIMP unsigned int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW (_rotr)(unsigned int, int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_CONST;_CRTIMP unsigned long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW (_lrotl)(unsigned long, int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_CONST;_CRTIMP unsigned long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW (_lrotr)(unsigned long, int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_CONST;_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _set_error_mode (int);# define _OUT_TO_DEFAULT 0# define _OUT_TO_STDERR 1# define _OUT_TO_MSGBOX 2# define _REPORT_ERRMODE 3# if __MSVCRT_VERSION__ >= 0x800# ifndef _UINTPTR_T_DEFINED# define _UINTPTR_T_DEFINED# ifdef _WIN64 typedef unsigned __int64 uintptr_t;# else typedef unsigned int uintptr_t;# endif# endif_CRTIMP unsigned int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _set_abort_behavior (unsigned int, unsigned int);/* These masks work with msvcr80.dll version 8.0.50215.44 (a beta release). */# define _WRITE_ABORT_MSG 1# define _CALL_REPORTFAULT 2typedef void(* _invalid_parameter_handler) ( const wchar_t *, const wchar_t *, const wchar_t *, unsigned int, uintptr_t);_invalid_parameter_handler _set_invalid_parameter_handler (_invalid_parameter_handler);# endif /* __MSVCRT_VERSION__ >= 0x800 */#endif /* __MSVCRT__ */#ifndef _NO_OLDNAMES_CRTIMP int __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW putenv (const char*);_CRTIMP void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW searchenv (const char*, const char*, char*);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW itoa (int, char*, int);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW ltoa (long, char*, int);#ifndef _UWIN_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW ecvt (double, int, int*, int*);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW fcvt (double, int, int*, int*);_CRTIMP char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW gcvt (double, int, char*);#endif /* _UWIN */#endif /* Not _NO_OLDNAMES */#endif /* Not __STRICT_ANSI__ *//* C99 names */#if !defined __NO_ISOCEXT /* externs in static libmingwex.a *//* C99 name for _exit */void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _Exit(int) __MINGW_ATTRIB_NORETURN;#if !defined __NO_INLINE__ && !defined __STRICT_ANSI____CRT_INLINE void __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW _Exit(int __status) { _exit (__status); }#endif typedef struct { long long quot, rem; } lldiv_t;lldiv_t __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW lldiv (long long, long long) __MINGW_ATTRIB_CONST;long long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW llabs(long long);#ifndef __NO_INLINE____CRT_INLINE long long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW llabs(long long _j) {return (_j >= 0 ? _j : -_j);}#endiflong long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW strtoll (const char* __restrict__, char** __restrict, int);unsigned long long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW strtoull (const char* __restrict__, char** __restrict__, int);#if defined (__MSVCRT__) /* these are stubs for MS _i64 versions */ long long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW atoll (const char *);#if !defined (__STRICT_ANSI__)long long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW wtoll (const wchar_t *);char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW lltoa (long long, char *, int);char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW ulltoa (unsigned long long , char *, int);wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW lltow (long long, wchar_t *, int);wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW ulltow (unsigned long long, wchar_t *, int); /* inline using non-ansi functions */#ifndef __NO_INLINE____CRT_INLINE long long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW atoll (const char * _c) { return _atoi64 (_c); }__CRT_INLINE char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW lltoa (long long _n, char * _c, int _i) { return _i64toa (_n, _c, _i); }__CRT_INLINE char* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW ulltoa (unsigned long long _n, char * _c, int _i) { return _ui64toa (_n, _c, _i); }__CRT_INLINE long long __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW wtoll (const wchar_t * _w) { return _wtoi64 (_w); }__CRT_INLINE wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW lltow (long long _n, wchar_t * _w, int _i) { return _i64tow (_n, _w, _i); } __CRT_INLINE wchar_t* __cdecl __MINGW_NOTHROW ulltow (unsigned long long _n, wchar_t * _w, int _i) { return _ui64tow (_n, _w, _i); } #endif /* (__NO_INLINE__) */#endif /* (__STRICT_ANSI__) */#endif /* __MSVCRT__ */#endif /* !__NO_ISOCEXT */#ifdef __cplusplus}#endif#endif /* Not RC_INVOKED */#endif /* Not _STDLIB_H_ */