美式烹饪 _生活百科

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美式烹饪【美式烹饪】传统意义上的美式食品，包括了欧式主食，如以小麦麵粉做的麵包、意粉和糕点、奶类製品、家禽、猪肉、牛肉和海产品。传统美式食品还引入了原产于美洲大陆或后来引种到欧洲的农产品，如马铃薯、玉米、南瓜、西葫芦、番薯和花生等。来自欧洲和亚洲的移民为美式食品加入了更多的变化与风味。自此，美式烹饪不仅用传统的方法来烹调这些外来菜式，更对这些菜式进行改良，将美国本土风味融入其中。
基本介绍中文名：美式烹饪
类型：专业
主干学科：烹调工艺学
主干课程：烹饪原料学
简介提起美式饮食，老广州大概不以为然：不就是汉堡包、炸薯条、软饮料之类的快餐食品吗？实际上美国的饮食文化也挺丰富多彩的。近日，在广州举行的一次美国美食推介活动上，食客对美国饮食文化有了深入了解。烹饪方法由于农产品产地的不同和当地移民生活习惯的差异，美国南部地区的家庭式烹饪方法，与北部新英格兰地区或中西部的煮食方法都有所不同。路易斯安那州以法式卡真风味而闻名，威斯康星州的啤酒、乳酪和香肠颇受欢迎；新墨西哥州有独特的德州风味；而旧金山则有融合了亚洲、美式和传统的欧式烹饪方法的大陆菜式。发展至今，美国的饮食越来越多元，印尼沙爹头盘、中式蛋花汤、中东小米伴烤牛排、芒果糯米甜点、牛油果海鲜沙拉……都纷纷成为盘中美食。美式食品下面，来看看中国大酒店凌宵阁扒房师傅的心水推介。◆开心果布甸：进口开心果粒配上浓郁的朱古力浆，味道香甜可口。上面的抽象图形的焦糖装饰，让你可以过过口瘾。◆烧美国猪扒：主要讲究火候，烧烤之前切开几个刀口，让汁酱入味，外焦内嫩，有意想不到的新鲜味道。◆柠檬梳夫里：多种水果装饰、两种汁酱都很美味，出色之处在于以往常见的小柑桔，酸甜有益。◆苹果派：造型做工精巧，内馅和外皮全是用苹果所做，配上多种水果。◆美式烧鸡槌：只用美国饲养的冰鲜鸡腿为原料，比国内的鸡腿要大，外面香脆，吃起来啖啖肉。英语介绍At a local supermarket, two women push half-filled grocery carts. The ladies are good friends, but they couldn't be more different. One is a stay-at-home housewife who loves to create culinary masterpieces from scratch. The other is a training supervisor at a prestigious advertising agency. Household chores, particularly those in the kitchen, are not her idea of fun. The two ladies stop for a moment in the frozen foods section. "I'm so tired," sighs the professional woman. "I don't know what to do about supper." Her friend suggests, "What about a microwave dinner?" The weary professional sighs, "No, I don't feel like cooking tonight."在一间本地的超市里，两位女士推着半满的购物车。这两位女士是好朋友，但两人之间的差异是大得不能再大了。一位是持家的主妇，她喜欢大展厨艺，从全生的作料，一步一步创造佳肴杰作。另一位是在一家颇具声望的广告公司任职人事训练主管。家务琐事，特别是厨房事，并非她乐趣所在。二位女士在冷冻食物区前停了一会儿。职业妇女叹道：「我好累，我不知晚餐要作什幺好。」她的朋友建议说：「何不来一顿微波炉晚餐。」这位疲惫的职业妇女又叹道：「不，我今晚不想作饭。」If you think American cooking means opening a package and tossing the contents into the microwave, think again. On the one hand, it's true that Americans thrive on cold cereal for breakfast, sandwiches for lunch and instant dinners. From busy homemakers to professional people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans recognize the value of cooking skills. Parents-especially mothers-see the importance of training their children-especially daughters-in the culinary arts. Most Americans will admit that there's nothing better than a good home-cooked meal. But with cooking, as with any other skill, good results don't happen by accident.假如您以为美式烹饪就是打开一个料理盒而将里头的东西抛进微波炉加热，那你得改变想法了。从某一方面来说，美国人以早餐的冷麦片，午餐的三明治及快餐晚餐而发育健壮，这倒是真的。从忙碌的家庭主妇到上班族，许多美国人喜欢享受事先包装好的便餐所带来的方便，这些速餐在不到10分钟内就可上桌。从另一个角度来看，许多美国人都认同厨艺的价值。父母亲--特别是妈妈看到训练孩子，尤其是女儿，烹饪艺术的重要性。大多数的美国人都承认没有什幺比得上一顿自家做的餐点。而谈到烹饪，一如其它的技巧，好的成果并非偶然天成的。Probably every cook has his or her own cooking style. But there are some basic techniques and principles that most people follow. For example, baking is a primary method of preparing food in America. The dinner menu often has casseroles, roast meats and other baked goods. For that reason, Americans would find it next to impossible to live without an oven. American cooks give special attention to the balance of foods, too. In planning a big meal they try to include a meat, a few vegetables, some bread or pasta and often a dessert. They also like to make sure the meal is colorful. Having several different colors of food on the plate usually makes for a healthy meal. 大概每一位厨师都有他自己的烹饪方式。但仍有一些基本方法和原则是大多数的人遵行的。例如，烘培在美国是烹饪的一种主要方法，晚餐选单上通常有「焗烤菜」，烤肉及其它的烘培食物。因此，美国人会觉得没有烤箱几乎是无法过活。美国厨师们也特别留意食物的均衡。在计画一顿大餐时，他们会试着加入肉，几样蔬菜，一些麵包或麵食，而且通常有甜点。他们也喜欢使餐点色彩亮丽。若盘中有不同色彩的食物，通常令人觉得是健康的一餐。For those who need guidance in their cooking, or for those who have just run out of ideas, recipes are lifesavers. Recipes list all the ingredients for a dish (generally in the order used), the amount of each to use, and a description of how to put them together. Finding recipes in America is as easy as pie. Most good cooks have a shelf full of cookbooks ranging from locally published recipe collections to national bestsellers like the Betty Crocker Cookbook. Magazines devoted to home management, such as Good Housekeeping and Family Circle, are chock-full of scrumptious selections. Friends often augment their recipe collection by passing around their favorites written on cards.对于那些在烹饪方面需要指导、或已江郎才尽的人，食谱就是救星。食谱列出做每一道菜所需要的所有材料(通常是依照使用的顺序列出)，每一种的用量以及如何将它们搭配的说明。在美国寻找食谱可谓易如反掌。大多数的好厨师们都有一架子的食谱，从本地出版的各式食谱到像「蓓蒂?克劳克」的全国畅销食谱。一般理家杂誌，如「好管家」及「家庭圈」都满满地刊载很多美味的精选食谱。朋友们经常把自己最爱的食谱写在卡片上，相互传阅，来增加自己的食谱收藏。For experienced cooks, true artists that they are, recipes are merely reference points. They often make adjustments as they go along, depending on the quantity of people they need to serve, the ingredients they have available and their personal taste. Some cooks use recipes very little, preferring instead to depend on their intuition as they add a pinch of this and a dash of that to create just the right flavors. 对于经验丰富的厨师，他们是真正的艺术家，食谱仅仅是作为参考，他们常常一边做菜，一边依照他们宴请的人数，现有的作料以及个人的口味，来调整食谱。有些厨师们很少参照食谱，反而比较喜欢凭自己的直觉加一点这个，加一点那个，来作出刚好的味道。Of course, Americans don't have a corner on the market when it comes to good cooking. Wherever you go in the world, people love to eat. As a result, every culture and nationality has its own share of mouth-watering delicacies. And America, as a "land of immigrants," has imported practically all varieties of cooking. Most good cooks in America are "fluent" in several cooking "dialects": Mexican, Italian, Chinese and good old American style, just to name a few. But whatever the dialect, cooking is a language everyone understands.当然，谈到好厨艺，美国人并非独占鳌头，无论您到世界何处，人们总是爱吃。所以，每一个文化及国家都有它特有的、令人垂涎三尺的佳肴。而美国，这个「移民之地」实际上也引进了各式的烹调。在美国大多数的名厨对于几种烹饪「方言」都很「流利」。随便举几个例子：墨西哥、义大利、中国以及传统美国风味。且不论那一种「方言」，烹饪是一种人人皆懂的语言。培养目标本专业培养具有熟练的烹饪工艺实践技艺、宽厚的烹饪科学理论以及相应的餐饮管理知识与行销业务能力的高级职业技术人才。能从事大、中型饭店及集团餐饮部门的技术及管理工作，也可在中、高等烹饪学校或相关科研部门从事教学、科研工作。培养规格1. 系统地掌握烹饪科学理论，具有熟练的烹饪工艺技能，具备一定的餐饮管理知识。毕业时，本专业毕业生能综合运用所学的基本理论与实践技能，达到中级及以上烹调师水平，取得中级及以上烹调师职业资格证书。学生在校期间还可根据需要获得餐饮业职业经理人、营养配餐师、调酒师、麵点师和西餐烹调师等多项职业资格证书。2. 重视英语的读、写、听、说能力培养，要求能藉助工具书阅读本专业的外文书刊，并具有一定专业英语会话能力，毕业时达到学校要求的英语水平。3. 具有一定的计算机套用能力。有独立获取知识和信息的能力，了解本学科的发展趋势。4. 採用分模组培养方式，通过两年的专业基础学习后，学生可根据自己的兴趣爱好选择适应自己的专业方向，一经选定后，必须在该模组中修满规定的学分数，方可选择其他模组的课程。毕业时，分别获得中级中式烹调师、餐饮业职业经理人、麵点师和西餐烹调师等职业资格证书。5. 掌握科学锻鍊身体的基本技能与知识，养成自觉锻鍊身体的习惯，在校期间应达到国家规定的大学生体育合格标準，具有健康的体魄。主干学科烹调工艺学、烹饪营养学、现代厨房管理主干课程烹饪原料学、食品卫生与安全、烹饪营养学、美国饮食保健学、烹调工艺学、麵点工艺学、江苏名点、江苏名菜、中国名菜、管理学原理、餐饮管理与实务。