系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况 。
说明:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了 。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况 。)
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来 。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语 。
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师 。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份 。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默 。
This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜 。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired.他看起来很累 。
He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心 。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软 。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香 。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了 。
She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了 。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假 。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难 。
His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了 。(turn out表终止性结果)
英语中有哪些使役动词?用法如何?
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1.使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有make(使,令), let(让), help(帮助), have(叫)等 。
2.使役动词后接受词,再接原形不定词作受词补语 。
接宾语时,人称代词用宾格 。
He made me(宾格) laugh.
他使我发笑 。
I let him go.
我让他走开 。
I helped him repair the car.
我帮他修理汽车 。
Please have him come here.
请叫他到这里来 。
3.使役动词还可以接过去分词作受词补语 。
I have my hair cut every month.
我每个月理发 。
4.使役动词的被动语态的受词补语用不定词,不用原形不定词 。
(主)He made me laugh.
他使我笑了 。
(被)I was made to laugh by him.
我被他逗笑了 。
使役动词有以下用法:
a. have somebody do sth让某人去做某事
I had him arrange for a car.
b. have somebody doing sth.让某人持续做某事 。
He had us laughing all through lunch.
注意:用于否定名时,表示“允许”
i won't have you running around in the house.
我不允许你在家里到处乱跑 。
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小议“使役动词”的用法
1. have sb do 让某人干某事
e.g:What would you have me do?
have sb/sth doing 让某人或某事处于某种状态,听任
e.g: I won't have women working in our company.
The two cheats had the light burning all night long.
have sth done 让别人干某事,遭受到
e.g:you 'd better have your teeth pulled out.
He had his pocket picked.
notes: "done"这个动作不是主语发出来的 。
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